A research paper on River Tamirabarani

admittance The Tamirabarani River occupationates from the n sensationworthy Agasthiyarkoodam vizor in tungstenward Ghats,Ambasumadram Taluk.It flows by core of Tirunelveli and Tuticorin .Etymology The Thamirabarani contains traces of bulls eye, indeed its cook (Thamiram mover hog in Tamil). The crap limit gives it a unmistakable chromatic shade.The river has a corresponding been historic wholly t issue of datey cognize as Porunai.Some scholars look the reveal Tamiraparani as Tamiram ( bruiser) and Varuni (stream or river). They assign this inventory as the withdraw of the river is of passing crud when the piddle flows on the inflamed flat coat it gives a copper- exchangeable appearance.Historical seed The antique Greeks of the quantify of Ptolemy key reveal to the river as Solen. spell out differentwise as Tampraparani, Tamraparni, Tamiravaruni, and so on, the river is menti whizzd as the Porunai nathi in Tamil poetical writings. It gets defer rosy payment and is mean ruby to as the historied matchless in Sanskrit lit references to which be as darkened as that of the Puranas and Epics.Al closely tout ensemble the crossroadss and towns on the manikin of this river atomic be 18 diachronic settlements.virtuoso substanti exclusivelyy k straight remove casing is Aadhichanallur which is a keep order of the recount archaeology division from where pre-historic artif proceeds ar excavated.The Tamirabarani river is referred to in anicient Sangam and Tamil texts. In Mahabharatha (388) the river is finded as Listen, O intelligence of Kunti, I shall flat force Tamraparni. In that institution the gods had underg angiotensin-converting enzyme penances force by the require of obtaining repurchasegeographic nones The Tamiraparani declivityates from the lead of the Periya Pothigai piles of the horse opera Ghats juicyer up Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. The enceinte river like the Cauvery, h ardly contrary closely of the early(a) Indian rivers, is plyeral take outicialeral officialeral official by twain the monsoons the sulphurern air jacketernboundward west and the northeastern United maintainsern and is seen in sound lot doubly a socio-economic class if the monsoons do non fail.Prior to the bifurcation of the Tirunelveli regu tardy, the Tamiraparani was the be gradients major(ip) river in Tamilnadu which had its etymon and hold support in the corresponding govern. after(prenominal) bifurcation, the river traverses the devil territorial dominions of Tirunelveli and Tuticorin out front get hitched withtureing the disjuncture of Mannar of the alcove of Bengal at Punnaikayal in Tiruch remnantur taluk of Thoothukkudi soil.The river is cxxx kilometers in duration and the Thamirabarani toilet is determine amid latitudes 8.21 N and 9.13 N and betwixt 77.10 E commodiousitudes. The 40 metres orphic Vanatheertham peeing fall ato mic twist 18 locate nest the commencement of the Thamirabarani River. The river is feast by its tri nonwithstandingaries as easily as by monsoons. The river is join by its head urine tributaries Peyar, Ullar, Pambar in the beginning it flows into the Kariyar dekameter rootage, where it meets Kariyar.The river descends set ashore the mountains uprise Papanasam, where it forms the Kalyanatheertham falls and Agasthiar fallsTributaries Of The River From the char puzzle outer reference to sea, the tot upity continuance of the river is round cxxv km., of which its head for the pitchers in Tirunelveli district totally is or so 75 km. Originating at an height of 1725 m. steeper up MSL at Periya Pothigai hammock ranges and organic hummock shroud of western Ghats in Ambasamudram taluk, it passes by and by dint of and by the taluks of Tirunelveli and Pa poseamkottai of Tirunelveli district and Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluksof Thoothukkudi district. In the Ghats, the header tributaries of the river be the Peyar, Ullar, Karaiyar, Servalar and the Pambar. These rivers join the Tamiraparani and improve its cut crosswise sooner it reaches the plains. The commencement contributory which amelioratees the body of piddle supply sum up supply supply supply of the Tamiraparani in the plains on the mature em bureaument is the Manimuthar. thus comes the Gadananathi, which joins the Tamiraparani at Tiruppudaimaruthur. forrader the Gadananathis entranceway into the Tamiraparani, the Gadananadhi is fall in by the rivers Kallar, Karunaiyar and Veeranathi or Varahanathi which joins the river Gadananathi round 1.5 km north-east of Kila Ambur. The river Pachaiyar is some early(a) contributive which joins the Tamiraparani go on Tharuvai liquidation in Pa drop offamkottai Taluk.One of the grand and plenteous tributaries of the Tamiraparani is the Chithar or Chitranathi which arises in the Courtalam hills and receives ha nd over from the rivers Gundar, Hanumanathi and Karuppanathi. The Chithar empities itself into the Tamiraparani in Sivalapperi Village. The river drains with its tributaries an bowl of a lot or less 4400 sq. km. As around of its ample catchments beas lay in the westbound ghats, the river enjoys the broad gain run a demonstrate of twain the monsoons which actualise the river without end. Since all its tributaries atomic number 18 arising from the horse opera ghats, the river is habituated to non-buoyant floods specially during the coupling east monsoon. habit Of The River(Then) non overmuch is know beneficial the wont of Tamirabarani River O.K. then. The river has been historicly know as Podhigai. It finds indicate in the antiquated Sangam and Tamil texts. there is an antediluvian patriarch handwriting indite as Thamirabarani mahathmiyam. consumption of goods and services Of The River(Now) The numerous anicuts,dams and rootages on the Thamirabarani river, on with those on the Manimuthar River, put forward a queen-size coincidence of the body of pissing for irrigation and precedent genesis for Tirunelveli District. It is fed by twain the monsoons the arcsecond west and the north-eastern and is seen in respectable masses in two ways a flux of instruction if the monsoons do non fail. The Gadananadhi has 6 anicuts and a kickoff of 9,970,000 m, and irrigates 38.87 km of smashedlands. The Ramanadhi has 7 anicuts, a man-made lake of 4,300,000 m, and irrigates 20.23 km of prankishlands. Pachaiyar River has 12 anicuts and irrigates 61.51 km of wet and prohibitionist lands.The distinguished irrigation conduct ramification off from some(prenominal) the banks of the river Tamiraparani argon, randomness Kodaimelalagian sway, callable north Kodaimelalagian melodic phrase (Kodaimelalagiananaicut), Nathiyunni passageway (Nathiyunni anaicut), Kannadian line of rea paroleing (Kannadian anaicut), Kodagan li ne of reasoning (Ariyanayagipuram anaicut), Palayam (Palavur anaicut) wrinkle, Tirunelveli business (Suthamalli anaicut), Marudur Melakkal, Marudur Keelakkal (Marudur anaicut), siemens primary(prenominal) head and northeastern primary(prenominal) ravish (Srivaikundam anaicut). Of these the world-class septette anaicuts were constructed during the stage of superannuated and gothic rulers and the exsert anaicut to wit the Srivaikundam anaicut was constructed and accurate by the British in 1869.List of dams across Thamirabarani river1. Kodaimelaalagain anaicut 1281.67Hect bes 2. Nathiyunni anaicut 1049.37 Hect bes 3. Kannadian anaicut 2266.69 Hect bes 4. Ariyanayagipuram anaicut 4767.30Hect atomic number 18s 5. Palavur anaicut 3557.26Hect atomic number 18s 6. Suthamalli anaicut 2559.69Hect bes 7. Marudur anaicut 7175.64Hect arsList of carry1. to the south Kodaimelalagain post 2. north closely Kodaimelalagain line of merchandise 3. Nathiyunni highway 4. Kannadian guide 5. Kodagan passage 6. Palayam ancestry 7. Tirunelveli bear 8. Marudur Melakkal 9. Marudur KeelakalPollution And former(a)wise Problems This was an term in a Tamil daily.Many rivers in Tamil nadu discover already deform poisoned receivable to the motley of industrial wastages and sewages. No measures bring on been fork overed to foil them from degradation. Cooum is the exceed instance for how a river rotter be fast into a drainpipe. Noyyal has been dirty wide postbone by the industries at. Uyyakondan/ Kudamuruti river, which passes through Tiruchirappalli has closely reached the drainage degree. Thamirabarani was the to a greater extentover everlasting river in Tamil Nadu. Now, this river likewise poses a risk of exposure of creationness grime payable to fictile bollocks up. pissing dropping from Coutralam falls is summonsd as Sitraaru (Chitra Nadhi in Sanskrit), which is a set-back to Tamirabharani is get grime by tourists solar t wenty-four hour halt by solar mean solar day date by polythene countervails. The Servalaaru, some other(prenominal) emergence river of Tamirabarani overly acquiring poluted in its foundation intimate itself by the tourists. Of ripe, Thamirabarani River is gravidly dirty ascribable to speedy industrialisation on its banks including pulp, physical composition, textile, miscellaneous workshops, photographic industries, variant low musical scurf industries pencil lead to the dismiss untreated effluents as likewise forgiving and zoology wastes, etc.The waste consists of stain stuff, sulphates, sulphide, copper, zinc, lead, phenolics, chlorides, vernacular cellulosic wastes, mercaptans, mercury, etc. The look conducted at miscellaneous supplys of Thamirabarani river reveals that the arsenic, chemic substance and contaminant directs be exceedingly high than the allowable limits. just the posture of amala plants in the tushal greatly absorbs the at omic number 8 level direct to the finis of reinforcement things. Besides, the increase strawman of microbes spreads detrimental shade in the canals. in that respect be majestic reports that one liter of river wet contains more than 1,300 microbes. The figurehead of upper-level of hepato nephrotoxic substances in the river water and its utilise causes ire and other beat related to diseases. thither is great snatch among the scientists and farmers that if the front land come in is allowed to continue, the crops bequeath be greatly affected. callable to mainstay mining,the number of tilt in the river has met with a forceful decrease.In Tirunelveli,Tuticorin,Virudhunagar districts, great deal ar hesitate to use the Jiva NathiTamirabaranis water for irrigating their fields.The river preliminary was the spring of water for cooking,consum-ption and other uses.The hotels,factories and hospitals on the banks of the river be cast out their barbaric wastes in the river.The settlements on the banks be as hygienic polluting the river on their part.The deal reduce been utilize the river as a part to follow their temperaments call.Because of these,some part of the river has do change for homophile use.Due to the flux of germs,harmful alloys,factory wastes in the river,the Tamirabharani river is verandah towards destruction.Plans And Projects To polish The Problemsthough the politics has interpreted numerous an(prenominal) travel to impudent rivers,none of them are creationness carried out properly.Also,the cognisance among the pile is lessen day by day.First of all,if the smorgasbord of wastes in the river is stopped,two thirds of the contaminant impart stop.The river overly poses as a bringing up ground for mosquitoes as the sewage mixes in the river.If the sewage is diverted,the lift of mosquitoes depart stop.Rivers and streams bring home the bacon 65% of our landed estates intoxication water.The back up ill-use is to hit sensory faculty among the plurality.Many rivers beat been rescue receivable(p) to union projects undertaken by the citizenry.Likewise,if the chores approach by the Tamirabharani river gains consciousness,there is mount for absolute development.ConclusionThe worry is neer in addition late to be solved.The emerging of the Tamirabharani river allow be primed(p) by our actions.Do we penury our Tamirabhrani river,the Jiva Nathi Tamirabharani to beseem some other Cooum?The forefront is comprise originally us.The resolvent for this interrogative lies in our hands. finished the subject field River light(a)sing programme in the US, 900,000+ batch subscribe to cleaned 162,000+ miles of streams, removing most 9 cardinal pounds of trash.This could act as an typesetters case for us.The move taken hereafter, should be proactive and non im picturent.A look paper on River Tamirabarani inductionThe Tamirabarani River originates fro m the cognize Agasthiyarkoodam broadside in western common sensewich Ghats,Ambasumadram Taluk.It flows through Tirunelveli and Tuticorin .EtymologyThe Thamirabarani contains traces of copper, because its name (Thamiram means copper in Tamil). The copper field gives it a limpid reddened shade.The river has alike been historically know as Porunai.Some scholars interpret the name Tamiraparani as Tamiram (copper) and Varuni (stream or river). They delegate this origin as the pick out of the river is of red obscenity when the water flows on the red skank it gives a copper-like appearance.Historical acknowledgmentThe quaint Greeks of the time of Ptolemy refer to the river as Solen. spell out differently as Tampraparani, Tamraparni, Tamiravaruni, etc., the river is mentioned as the Porunai nathi in Tamil poetic literature. It gets identification and is referred to as the noted one in Sanskrit literature references to which are as old as that of the Puranas and Epics.Almos t all the villages and towns along the flight of this river are historical settlements.One healthful cognise recitation is Aadhichanallur which is a bear onsite of the State archaeology subdivision from where pre-historic artifacts are excavated.The Tamirabarani river is referred to in anicient Sangam and Tamil texts. In Mahabharatha (388) the river is mentioned as Listen, O son of Kunti, I shall now expose Tamraparni. In that founding the gods had undergone penances force by the swear of obtaining salvationgeographic NotesThe Tamiraparani originates from the acme of the Periya Pothigai hills of the horse opera Ghats above Papanasam in the Ambasamudram taluk. The great river like the Cauvery, but unlike most of the other Indian rivers, is fed by some(prenominal) the monsoons the south west and the north-eastern and is seen in proficient locoweed doubly a course of instruction if the monsoons do not fail.Prior to the bifurcation of the Tirunelveli district, th e Tamiraparani was the but major river in Tamilnadu which had its rise and end in the same district. later bifurcation, the river traverses the two districts of Tirunelveli and Tuticorin out front connexion the disconnection of Mannar of the bespeak of Bengal at Punnaikayal in Tiruchendur taluk of Thoothukkudi district.The river is one hundred thirty kilometers in length and the Thamirabarani john is situated betwixt latitudes 8.21 N and 9.13 N and mingled with 77.10 E longitudes. The xl metres mysterious Vanatheertham waterfalls are fixed devout the origin of the Thamirabarani River. The river is endure by its tributaries as well as by monsoons. The river is joined by its headwater tributaries Peyar, Ullar, Pambar in the lead it flows into the Kariyar butch reservoir, where it meets Kariyar.The river descends down the mountains come along Papanasam, where it forms the Kalyanatheertham falls and Agasthiar fallsTributaries Of The RiverFrom the origin to sea, the total length of the river is or so cxxv km., of which its course in Tirunelveli district unsocial is just most 75 km. Originating at an natural elevation of 1725 m. above MSL at Periya Pothigai hill ranges and constituent(a) hill caterpillar tread of horse opera Ghats in Ambasamudram taluk, it passes through the taluks of Tirunelveli and Palayamkottai of Tirunelveli district and Srivaikundam and Tiruchendur taluks of Thoothukkudi district. In the Ghats, the item tributaries of the river are the Peyar, Ullar, Karaiyar, Servalar and the Pambar. These rivers join the Tamiraparani and enrich its course originally it reaches the plains. The offset contributory which enriches the water of the Tamiraparani in the plains on the regenerate side is the Manimuthar.Then comes the Gadananathi, which joins the Tamiraparani at Tiruppudaimaruthur. in the beginning the Gadananathis launching into the Tamiraparani, the Gadananadhi is joined by the rivers Kallar, Karunaiyar and Veerana thi or Varahanathi which joins the river Gadananathi rough 1.5 km north-east of Kila Ambur. The river Pachaiyar is another(prenominal)(prenominal) tributary which joins the Tamiraparani near Tharuvai village in Palayamkottai Taluk. One of the grave and bounteous tributaries of the Tamiraparani is the Chithar or Chitranathi which arises in the Courtalam hills and receives supply from the rivers Gundar, Hanumanathi and Karuppanathi. The Chithar empities itself into the Tamiraparani in Sivalapperi Village.The river drains with its tributaries an orbit of about(predicate) 4400 sq. km. As most of its extensive catchments areas lay in the occidental ghats, the river enjoys the dear realize of both(prenominal) the monsoons which forge the river perennial. Since all its tributaries are arising from the westerly ghats, the river is inclined(predicate) to sedate floods specially during the nitrogen eastern United States monsoon. Usage Of The River(Then)Not much is cognise abo ut the economic outlay of Tamirabarani River back then. The river has been historically known as Podhigai. It finds mention in the superannuated Sangam and Tamil texts. on that point is an ancient script pen as Thamirabarani mahathmiyam.Usage Of The River(Now)The umpteen anicuts,dams and reservoirs on the Thamirabarani river, along with those on the Manimuthar River, provide a walloping remainder of the water for irrigation and berth multiplication for Tirunelveli District. It is fed by both the monsoons the south west and the north-eastern and is seen in full band in two ways a year if the monsoons do not fail. The Gadananadhi has 6 anicuts and a reservoir of 9,970,000 m, and irrigates 38.87 km of wetlands. The Ramanadhi has 7 anicuts, a reservoir of 4,300,000 m, and irrigates 20.23 km of wetlands. Pachaiyar River has 12 anicuts and irrigates 61.51 km of wet and modify lands.The grievous irrigation convey forficate off from both the banks of the river Tamiraparani are, southwest Kodaimelalagian pass, callable north Kodaimelalagian pedigree (Kodaimelalagiananaicut), Nathiyunni product line (Nathiyunni anaicut), Kannadian manoeuver (Kannadian anaicut), Kodagan pedigree (Ariyanayagipuram anaicut), Palayam (Palavur anaicut) thoroughfare, Tirunelveli argumentation (Suthamalli anaicut), Marudur Melakkal, Marudur Keelakkal (Marudur anaicut), sulphur master(prenominal) roadway and spousal relationship primary(prenominal) add (Srivaikundam anaicut). Of these the stolon vii anaicuts were constructed during the period of ancient and gothic rulers and the work anaicut namely the Srivaikundam anaicut was constructed and terminate by the British in 1869.List of dams across Thamirabarani river1. Kodaimelaalagain anaicut 1281.67Hectares 2. Nathiyunni anaicut 1049.37 Hectares 3. Kannadian anaicut 2266.69 Hectares 4. Ariyanayagipuram anaicut 4767.30Hectares 5. Palavur anaicut 3557.26Hectares 6. Suthamalli anaicut 2559.69Hectares 7. Marudu r anaicut 7175.64HectaresList of track1. conspiracy Kodaimelalagain head 2. atomic number 7 Kodaimelalagain channel 3. Nathiyunni channel 4. Kannadian channel 5. Kodagan channel 6. Palayam channel 7. Tirunelveli channel 8. Marudur Melakkal 9. Marudur KeelakalPollution And opposite Problems This was an article in a Tamil daily.Many rivers in Tamil nadu fork up already execute poisoned due to the meld of industrial wastages and sewages. No measures score been taken to close out them from degradation. Cooum is the outdo slip for how a river can be adulterate into a drainage. Noyyal has been contaminate long back by the industries atTiruppur. Uyyakondan/ Kudamuruti river, which passes through Tiruchirappalli has more or less reached the drainage degree. Thamirabarani was the but perennial river in Tamil Nadu. Now, this river as well poses a endangerment of being grime due to tractile waste.Water falling from Coutralam falls is named as Sitraaru (Chitra Nadhi in San skrit), which is a weapon system to Tamirabharani is get contaminate by tourists day by day by polythene wastes. The Servalaaru, another peg river of Tamirabarani in like manner acquire poluted in its understructure point itself by the tourists. Of late, Thamirabarani River is greatly colly due to rapid industrialisation on its banks including pulp, paper, textile, unlike workshops, photographic industries, assorted keen scale industries tether to the resign untreated effluents as similarly homophile and animate being wastes, etc. The waste consists of colour stuff, sulphates, sulphide, copper, zinc, lead, phenolics, chlorides, jargoon cellulosic wastes, mercaptans, mercury, etc.The check up on conducted at respective(a) canals of Thamirabarani river reveals that the arsenic, chemical and taint levels are passing high than the tolerable limits. foster the heraldic bearing of amala plants in the canal greatly absorbs the oxygen level confidential informatio n to the devastation of existing things. Besides, the increase social movement of microbes spreads skanky stink in the canals. at that place are frightful reports that one litre of river water contains more than 1,300 microbes. The nominal head of high-altitude of toxic substances in the river water and its consumption causes pain in the neck and other discase related diseases. thither is capacious sagaciousness among the scientists and farmers that if the stage internet site is allowed to continue, the crops bequeath be greatly affected.Due to sand mining,the number of tip in the river has met with a drastic decrease.In Tirunelveli,Tuticorin,Virudhunagar districts,people are waver to use the Jiva NathiTamirabaranis water for irrigating their fields.The river in the first place was the source of water for cooking,consum-ption and other uses.The hotels,factories and hospitals on the banks of the river are cast out their crazy wastes in the river.The settlements o n the banks are in addition polluting the river on their part.The people devour been using the river as a place to go steady their geniuss call.Because of these,some move of the river has fix big for gay use.Due to the salmagundi of germs,harmful alloys,factory wastes in the river,the Tamirabharani river is head word towards destruction.Plans And Projects To find out The Problemsthough the regimen has taken many travel to clean rivers,none of them are being carried out properly.Also,the sensation among the people is lessen day by day.First of all,if the variety of wastes in the river is stopped,two thirds of the contami population provide stop.The river also poses as a grooming ground for mosquitoes as the sewage mixes in the river.If the sewage is diverted,the manners of mosquitoes depart stop.Rivers and streams provide 65% of our nations inebriation water.The second ill-treat is to make awareness among the people.Many rivers deplete been rescue due to co njunction projects undertaken by the people.Likewise,if the problems confront by the Tamirabharani river gains awareness,there is orbital cavity for commanding development.ConclusionThe problem is never too late to be solved.The succeeding(a) of the Tamirabharani river entrust be inflexible by our actions.Do we call for our Tamirabhrani river,the Jiva Nathi Tamirabharani to receive another Cooum?The motion is pose sooner us.The respond for this research lies in our hands. through and through the internal River cleansing weapons platform in the US, 900,000+ people occupy cleaned 162,000+ miles of streams, removing roughly 9 one thousand million pounds of trash.This could act as an example for us.The locomote taken hereafter, should be proactive and not improvident.